High Blood Pressure

High blood pressure by itself is not a serious problem. However, its secondary effects -- prolonged exposure of the heart, brain, kidneys, and blood vessels to high pressure -- are serious threats to well-being. Fortunately, harm can be minimized by lowering the blood pressure with drugs prescribed by a physician. But effective control requires full awareness of the condition and the aims of therapy. Because treatment may involve some side effects, the hypertensive must learn to deal with them. If necessary, the physician can usually modify the drug program to reduce troublesome reactions, so that therapy need not interfere with the normal enjoyment of life.

The term "blood pressure" refers to the pressure in the large arteries of the arms and legs. The measured pressure in millimeters of mercury is expressed in two numbers, the first always higher than the second. The first number is the peak (systolic) pressure reached when the heart muscles fully contract. When the heart relaxes, the pressure falls to a low point, the diastolic pressure, preceding the next heartbeat. This is indicated by the second number. Thus, a reading of 130/80 means a systolic pressure of 130 and a diastolic pressure of 80 millimeters of mercury.